New Deal

Roosevelt's Second Bill of Rights


“This Republic had its beginning, and grew to its present strength, under the protection of certain inalienable political rights—among them the right of free speech, free press, free worship, trial by jury, freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures. They were our rights to life and liberty.



As our Nation has grown in size and stature, however—as our industrial economy expanded—these political rights proved inadequate to assure us equality in the pursuit of happiness.


We have come to a clear realization of the fact that true individual freedom cannot exist without economic security and independence. "Necessitous men are not free men." People who are hungry and out of a job are the stuff of which dictatorships are made.


In our day these economic truths have become accepted as self-evident. We have accepted, so to speak, a second Bill of Rights under which a new basis of security and prosperity can be established for all regardless of station, race, or creed.


Among these are:


The right to a useful and remunerative job in the industries or shops or farms or mines of the Nation;


The right to earn enough to provide adequate food and clothing and recreation;


The right of every farmer to raise and sell his products at a return, which will give him and his family a decent living;


The right of every businessman, large and small, to trade in an atmosphere of freedom from unfair competition and domination by monopolies at home or abroad;


The right of every family to a decent home;


The right to adequate medical care and the opportunity to achieve and enjoy good health;


The right to adequate protection from the economic fears of old age, sickness, accident, and unemployment;


The right to a good education.


All of these rights spell security. And after this war is won we must be prepared to move forward, in the implementation of these rights, to new goals of human happiness and well-being. ”

New Deal, Den nya given, var USA:s president Franklin D. Roosevelts reformprogram av 1933, som genom att skapa arbetstillfällen för de arbetslösa syftade till att häva den allt djuparedepression som hade börjat med börskraschen på Wall Street 1929. New Deal låg till grund för Roosevelts politik 1933-38. Viktiga delar därav förklarades dock olagliga av Högsta Domstolen, men i mera moderat form fortsattes reformprogrammet till hans död 1945 och delvis även därefter av Harry S. Truman (1945-53), som dock även hade ett eget program kallat Fair Deal.

"New Deal" kallas på svenska också "Den nya given", där giv är ett uttryck hämtat från kortspel. Uttrycket användes första gången av Roosevelt i ett tal under demokraternas nationella konvent 1932 då han hade blivit utsedd till partiets presidentkandidat: "I pledge you, I pledge myself to a new deal for the American people."

New Deal bestod av olika delprogram. De viktigaste var National industrial recovery act (stöd till industrin) och Agricultural adjustment act (stöd till jordbrukare) och Public works administration (igångsättandet av offentliga arbeten)

Staten satte igång arbeten, bland annat vägbyggen. I det fattiga Tennessee öppnade man fabriker och byggde dammar. Bönderna fick låna pengar så att de kunde köpa moderna maskiner till jordbruk bland annat och dra in elektrisk ström i sina hus. Det fick betalt för att inte odla på vissa fält. På det sättet skulle det inte bli överskott av livsmedel och för låga priser. Fackföreningarna fick rätt att förhandla om löneavtal för sina medlemmar och man stiftade lagar om socialförsäkringar.

Från Wikipedia

GLÖM ALDRIG ATT  "war and depression are man-made and needless"